📱 What Is a Mobile App? 📱 What Is Mobile App Development? Definition: Mobile app development is the process of creating software applications that run on mobile devices (smartphones, tablets). Goal: Deliver functionality, services, or entertainment directly on mobile platforms (iOS, Android, HarmonyOS). 🧩 Key Layers 1. Platforms 2. Approaches 3. Core Components ⚙️ Development Process 🔑 Tools & Languages
🌐 Website ⚙️ Web Application 💻 Web Development Web development is the process of building and maintaining websites and web apps. It has two main layers: 1. Front‑End Development (Client Side) 2. Back‑End Development (Server Side) 3. Full‑Stack Development 🔗 Website vs. Web App “A website is an online collection of pages for presenting information, while a web application is interactive software running in the browser; web development is the structured process of building both, across front‑end and back‑end layers.”
🖥️ Programming (the activity) Programming is the process of designing instructions for a computer. Those instructions ultimately need to be executed by hardware (CPU, memory, I/O devices). Programmers think in algorithms, but the computer only understands electrical signals and binary (0s and 1s). 📚 Language (the tool) Programming languages are the tools that translate human logic into something hardware can execute. High‑level languages (Python, Java, PHP) are abstract and easy for humans. Low‑level languages (Assembly, C) are closer to hardware, giving more control. Compilers and interpreters act as bridges: Interpreter → translates line by line while running. Compiler → translates code into machine instructions before running. Classification ⚙️ Hardware How programs run Popular languages at a glance 🔗 Programming +...
🌐 Protocols & Ports Explained 1. What Are Protocols? 2. What Are Ports? 3. Common Protocols & Ports Protocol Port Transport Use HTTP 80 TCP Web traffic (unencrypted) HTTPS 443 TCP Secure web traffic FTP 21 TCP File transfer SMTP 25 TCP Sending email DNS 53 UDP/TCP Domain name resolution SSH 22 TCP Secure remote login Telnet 23 TCP Remote login (insecure, legacy) SNMP 161 UDP Network management NTP 123 UDP Time synchronization 4. How Protocols & Ports Work Together 5. Security Considerations ✅ Summary:
📡 Modem 1.Traditional Meaning A modem (short for modulator–demodulator) is a device that converts signals so your computer or router can communicate with your Internet Service Provider (ISP). 2. Fiber Era: ONT 3. Core Functions 4. Types of Modems 5. Modem vs Router vs Switch Device Role OSI Layer Example Modem Converts signals, connects to ISP Layer 1 (Physical) DSL/cable/fiber modem Router Connects different networks, directs packets Layer 3 (Network) Home router linking LAN to Internet Switch Connects devices within LAN, forwards by MAC Layer 2 (Data Link) Office switch connecting PCs & printers 5. Example in Action ✅ Summary: A modem is the gateway device that makes Internet access possible by converting signals between your local network and your...
🔌 Network Switch 1. Definition A switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices (computers, printers, servers) within the same Local Area Network (LAN) and forwards data intelligently based on MAC addresses. 2. How It Works 3. Types of Switches 4. Key Functions 5. Example in Action 6. Switch vs Router vs Hub Device Role Layer Example Switch Connects devices within a LAN, forwards by MAC Layer 2 Office PCs connected together Router Connects different networks, forwards by IP Layer 3 Home LAN to Internet Hub Broadcasts to all devices (no intelligence) Layer 1 Legacy networks, rarely used today ✅ Summary: A switch is the “traffic manager” inside a LAN. It connects devices and forwards data only where it...
📡 Router Explained 1. Definition A router is a device that sits at the boundary between networks and decides where to send data packets. It connects multiple IP networks or subnetworks and ensures that traffic flows efficiently. 2. Core Functions 3. Types of Routers 4. Router vs Switch vs Modem Device Role Layer Example Router Connects different networks, directs packets Layer 3 (Network) Home router linking LAN to Internet Switch Connects devices within one LAN Layer 2 (Data Link) Office switch connecting PCs & printers Modem Converts signals for ISP connection Layer 1 (Physical) DSL/cable modem providing Internet ✅ Summary: A router is the “traffic director” of networks — it connects LANs to WANs, decides packet paths, and enables multiple...
🌐 IP & MAC Address Binding 1. IP Address 2. MAC Address 3. IP–MAC Binding 4. Benefits 5. Example ✅ Summary
📡 Routing vs Forwarding 1. Routing 2. Forwarding 3. Relationship 4. Example ✅ Summary
🌐 Static vs Dynamic IP & DHCP 1. Static IP 2. Dynamic IP 3. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 4. Putting It Together 5. Example ✅ Summary:
🌐 IP, Domain, and DNS 1. IP Address 2. Domain Name 3. DNS (Domain Name System) 4. Relationship Between Them 👉 Example: ✅ Summary
🌐 Public vs Private IP & NAT 1. Public IP Address 2. Private IP Address 3. NAT (Network Address Translation) 4. Putting It Together
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