ChromeOS

Origins & Founders

• Developed by Google, first announced in 2009.
• Built as a lightweight operating system designed primarily for web‑based applications.
• First commercial devices, called Chromebooks, launched in 2011.

Historical Evolution

• 2009: ChromeOS announced, based on the Linux kernel.
• 2011: First Chromebooks released (Samsung, Acer).
• 2016: Support for Android apps via Google Play Store.
• 2018: Integration of Linux apps (Crostini project), enabling developers to run Linux tools.
• 2020s: Expanded into education, enterprise, and hybrid work environments.

Architecture

• Kernel:
  • Based on the Linux kernel, with Google’s modifications for security and performance.
• User Interface:
  • Minimalist design, centered around the Chrome browser.
  • Taskbar (“Shelf”), Launcher, and window management similar to other OS GUIs.
• File System:
  • Uses a read‑only root file system for security.
  • User data stored in encrypted partitions.
• Security:
  • Verified Boot (checks system integrity at startup).
  • Sandboxing for apps and processes.
  • Automatic updates handled by Google.

Key Features

• Web‑centric: Most apps run in the browser; relies heavily on cloud services.
• Android App Support: Access to millions of apps via Google Play.
• Linux App Support: Developers can run Linux tools and IDEs.
• Fast & Lightweight: Optimized for speed and simplicity.
• Automatic Updates: Seamless background updates for security.
• Cloud Integration: Tight integration with Google Drive, Gmail, Docs, and other Google services.